القيادة التشاركية وعلاقتها بالسلوك الإبداعي لدى معلمي المرحلة الابتدائية بمكة المكرمة Participatory Leadership and its Relationship to Creative Behavior among Primary School Teachers in Makkah

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف ‏على درجة ممارسة قادة المدارس الابتدائية بمكة المكرمة لنمط القيادة التشاركية من وجهة نظر المعلمين، ‏والتعرف على درجة ممارسة السلوك الإبداعي لدى معلمي المرحلة الابتدائية بمكة المكرمة من وجهة نظرهم،
‏ وتحقيقًا لأهداف الدراسة استخدم الباحثان المنهج الكمي بأسلوبيه (المسحي، والارتباطي)، ‏واستخدمت الاستبانة ‏كأداة لجمع البيانات، ‏وتكون مجتمع الدراسة من جميع معلمي المرحلة الابتدائية بمدينة مكة المكرمة أما عينة الدراسة فقد تم اختيارها بالطريقة الملائمة (عينة الفرصة)
‏ وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى نتائج، كان من أهمها: أن ممارسة قادة المدارس الابتدائية بمدينة مكة المكرمة للقيادة التشاركية؛ ‏جاءت بدرجة (عالية) ‏من وجهة نظر المعلمين، كما أن مستوى السلوك الإبداعي لدى معلمي المدارس الابتدائية بمكة المكرمة؛ جاء بدرجة (عالية) ‏من وجهة نظرهم. ‏وخلصت النتائج إلى وجود علاقة ارتباطية (طردية) ‏عالية القيمة ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى دلالة (0.01) ‏بين درجة ممارسة القادة للقيادة التشاركية ‏ومستوى السلوك الإبداعي لدى المعلمين.
‏ كما تبين من النتائج عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى الدلالة (0.05) ‏بين متوسطات استجابات المعلمين حول تقديرهم لمدى ممارسة قادتهم للقيادة التشاركية، والتي تعزى إلى اختلاف متغيري (التخصص، والمؤهل العلمي)، بينما توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى الدلالة (0.05) بين متوسطات استجابات المعلمين حول تقديرهم لمدى ممارسة قادتهم للقيادة التشاركية، والتي تعزى إلى اختلاف سنوات الخبرة، ولصالح المعلمين ذوي الخبرة (20 سنة فأكثر).
     The study aimed to explore school leaders’ participatory leadership as perceived by primary school teachers in Makkah. It also aimed to find out teachers’ creative behaviour from their point of view. In addition, the study aimed to explore statistical significant correlation between school leaders’ participatory leadership and teachers’ creative behaviour. Furthermore, it aimed at detecting statistical significant differences among teachers on their evaluation of their creative behaviour and school leaders’ participatory leadership due to the difference in their specialization, qualification, and years of experience.
To achieve the study objectives, both designs of quantitative methodology; survey and correlational styles were used. Researchers used questionnaires for data collection. The study population consists of all primary school teachers in Makkah, totalling (4737), Convenience sampling was used to select the (382) participants (8.1% of the study population).
The study results revealed that primary school leaders’ participatory leadership was high from the point of view of teachers, and that their creative behaviour was high as well. It also showed a positive correlation with a high value and statistical significance at the level of (0.01) between school leaders’ participatory leadership and teacher’s creative behaviour.
In addition, the study found that there were no statistical significant differences at the level of (0.05) between teachers on their evaluation of school leaders’ participatory leadership due to the difference in their specialization and qualification. However, there were statistical significant differences at the level of (0.05) between teachers on their evaluation of school leaders’ participatory leadership due to the difference in their years of experience in favour of more experienced teachers (20-plus years).
Similarly, the study found that there were no statistical significant differences at the level of (0.05) between teachers on their evaluation of their creative behaviour due to the difference in their specialization and qualification. However, there were statistical significant differences at the level of (0.05) between teachers on their evaluation of their creative behaviour due to the difference in their years of experience in favour of more experienced teachers (20-plus years).
The study concludes with highlighting the importance of adopting participatory leadership among school leaders, and promoting a culture of participation through intensive, high-quality training programs. More research is encouraged on participatory leadership investigating its relationship to other variables such as teacher achievement motivation. Future research may also examine creative behaviour and its correlation with modern theories in leadership.